How are People Affected by Domestic Violence?

Domestic violence is more widespread than many people realise. According to the Crime Survey for England and Wales, an estimated 2.3 million people aged 16 and over (1.6 million women and 712,000 men) experienced domestic abuse in the year ending March 2024.

These numbers illustrate how many people are affected by domestic violence, yet the true scale may be even higher due to underreporting.

Spotting an abusive relationship early is crucial. Domestic violence can take many forms. These include physical, emotional, psychological, sexual and financial abuse. Recognising these forms of abuse helps victims seek support before the situation escalates. Common signs and types of abuse include:

• Coercion and controlling behaviour – including excessive monitoring of communications or forcing the victim to make decisions against their will.
• Isolation – cutting the victim off from friends, family or support networks.
• Emotional manipulation – threats, intimidation, humiliation or constant criticism.
• Physical abuse – hitting, slapping, pushing or other forms of violence.
• Sexual abuse – unwanted sexual contact or coercion.
• Financial abuse – controlling money, restricting access to funds or coercing debt.
• Psychological abuse – gaslighting, intimidation or manipulation.

Recognising these signs and understanding the different forms of abuse is essential for victims, friends, family and professionals to provide support safely and effectively.

Domestic violence can have wide-reaching effects, impacting not only the direct victim but also children and the wider family. The consequences can be both immediate and long-lasting:

• Physical effects – injuries, chronic health problems and long-term medical issues.
• Emotional effects – anxiety, depression, low self-esteem and lasting psychological trauma.
• Long-term mental health consequences – PTSD, substance abuse and ongoing emotional challenges.
• Children and intergenerational impact – children exposed to abuse may experience trauma, behavioural challenges and are at greater risk of encountering or perpetrating abuse later in life.
• Cycles of abuse – patterns of violence can continue across households and generations if not addressed.

Understanding both the short- and long-term impacts of domestic violence highlights the importance of early intervention, awareness, support and legal guidance for everyone affected.

Domestic violence remains largely hidden and many victims never come forward. According to data from National Centre for Domestic Violence (NCDV), less than one‑in‑five victims and survivors (around 20%) report their abuse to the police.

This under‑reporting occurs for a variety of reasons including fear of retaliation from the abuser, shame or guilt, financial or emotional dependency, concern for children or fear that authorities won’t intervene effectively. Due to this, the number of recorded cases significantly underestimates the true scale of abuse.

The fact that most abuse goes unreported underscores the critical need for awareness, support networks and accessible legal guidance. Without these, many victims remain invisible and are unable to access protection, advice or justice.

If you or someone you know is experiencing abuse, it’s vital to know how to get help from domestic violence. Support can include professional guidance, counselling, trusted family or friends and legal advice. Learning how to help victims of domestic violence, whether through listening, offering resources or guiding them to specialist services, can be life-changing.

For those seeking legal support, GSB can provide advice and assistance on restraining orders, family law matters, and protecting children. If you are suffering abuse or are concerned about the safety of a family member or friend, please get in touch with us today.